Chamberlain is unique, however, in the fact that he is the only author surveyed in . Die Aufzechnungen Heinrich Heims, herausgegeben von Werner Jochmann, Hamburg, Albrecht Knaus Verlag, 1980, 496p., p.96. For "the most sacred of duties . Houston Stewart Chamberlain (September 9, 1855 - January 9, 1927) was a British-born author of books on political philosophy, natural science and his posthumous father-in-law Richard Wagner.His two-volume book Die Grundlagen des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century) (1899) became one of the many references for the pan-Germanic movement of the early twentieth . Dans sa dmonstration, lantiquit grco-romaine tient une place essentielle. 1 Wagner, Richard, Das Judentum in der Musik, Leipzig, 1869. He published in 1899, in Munich, a very large book entitled the Foundations of the 19th Century5 (Grundlagen des 19 Jahrhunderts). The Jews of Semitic Carthage were defeated because the Romans (or Germans) were the best at fighting and winning. Greece has always gravitated around Asia, till Rome dragged it away, to the West. Ludwig Schemann exerted a great intellectual influence on the other members of the Wagner circle, popularizing what people started to call the Vlkisch ideology3: to fight against the (revolutionary) French idea of Nation based on the (false) assumption of equality. After years of travelling and wandering/wondering about new ideas, he found in the racist theories of Schemann and other Rassentheoretiker of the time a unified vision of the worlda true Weltanschauung. His writing promoted German ethnonationalism , antisemitism , and scientific racism ; and he has been described as a "racialist writer". Oktober 1923, quoted in Stackelberg, Roderick, Winkle, Sally, The Nazi Germany Sourcebook. As for Aristotle, he would not have been remembered in the same way had it not been for Plato. Enqute sur la gense de lhistoire de lart, Paris, PUF, Perspectives Germaniques, 2000. . Off we go. Stackelberg, Roderick, Winkle, Sally, The Nazi Germany Sourcebook. 9 Sep 1855 Portsmouth, Hampshire, England d. 9 Sep 1927 Bayreuth: Geneagraphie - Families all over the world , New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, 565p. , Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, 1031p. (2 volumes). For todays readers, it is nothing more than a flood of words and phrases, an accumulation of commonplaces, false ideas and lies without any firm structure or real coherence. Encyclopdiste et dilettante la fois, amateur dart, il a pntr le cercle des wagnriens et est devenu le gendre de Richard Wagner. Schemann, Ludwig, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der Geschichte in ihrer Stellung zur Rasse, Munich, Lehmanns Verlag, 1930. Chamberlain married the composer's daughter some years after Wagner's death. Despite his English birth and family, his early indifference toward England and all things English developed into a lifelong hatred. Ludwig Schemann exerted a great intellectual influence on the other members of the Wagner circle, popularizing what people started to call the Vlkisch ideology. 8 Demandt, Alexander, Politische Aspekte im Alexanderbild der Neuzeit. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Houston-Stewart-Chamberlain, The Official Site of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century. He also wrote numerous books on the theory of races, among which an important collection called, that earned him fame and glory in his later years, under the Third Reich. This second visit was, according to Goebbels, a heartbreaking episode which Berlins new, Das Tagebuch von Joseph Goebbels, 1925-1926. This obsession with diseases and the assimilation of blood-mixing with infection is a common characteristic, as well as a deep concern, among the most convinced racists of the time,23 and not just in Germany. During ancient times, the Germans ruled over their conception of the world and could therefore explore and organize it: the science of the Greeks helped understand the cosmos, while the legions and the laws of the Romans imposed the Nordic order to the world. The fanatic wants to overwhelm people with words, you wish to convince, only to convince themand that is why you are successful. Ein Beitrag zur historischen Methodenkritik, in, Hellas: Griechische Geschichte und deutsche Geisteswissenschaft. 10, p.296, in the English translation by MURPHY, James, London, Hurst and Blackett, 1939, vol. Hitler saw in Christianity a lethal plague that had affected Europe because of the Jews who made Christians out of Germans to weaken them. I, chap. In the 1920s, he met Hitler. To prove the excellence of Germanic blood, scientists and race specialists had argued, since the 1830s, that every light came from the North, and not from the East. If Greece had fathered the spirit, Rome had mastered the organisation. Among them were Houston Stewart Chamberlain and many members of what historians later called the Bayreuther Kreis, an informal circle of members and friends of the Wagner family, including Cosima Wagner, the wife of the Master, and Ludwig Schemann. Es hat meine Gedanken beschftigt, wieso gerade Sie, der Sie in so seltenem Grade ein Erwecker der Seelen aus Schlaf und Schlendrian sind, mir einen so langen erquickenden Schlaf neulich schenkten, wie ich einen hnlichen nicht erlebt habe seit dem verhngnisvollen Augusttag 1914, wo das tckische Leiden mich befiel. For many people in the 19th century, it was a vital question19: many Christian racists of the period could not bear the idea of their Messiah being a Jew. Oktober 1923, quoted in. As a tribute to Chamberlain, and in the similar style of his book, Alfred Rosenberg, the chief ideologist of the Nazi party, entitled his own work, , the gospel of Nazism. What Chamberlain wrote in his Foundations is just stupid, to put it nicely22. Das Rassen- und Nationalittlose Vlkerchaos des sptrmischen Imperiums, In the end, Rome triumphed. If politicians had been more aware of his work, states would be far better off now, writes Hitler: Those who had the government of the country in their hands were quite as indifferent to principles of civil wisdom laid down by thinkers like H. S. Chamberlain as our political leaders now are. And this is the reason why it triumphantly . , Hamburg, Albrecht Knaus Verlag, 1980, 496p., p.96. geschrieben hat, ist gelinde gesagt dumm, Hitler quoted in Rauschning, Hermann. 21 Hitler, Adolf, private talk from Oct. 21st, 1941, Fhrerhauptquartier, quoted in Hitler, Adolf, Monologe im Fhrerhauptquartier, 1941-1944. 20 Bergen, Doris L., Twisted Cross. En 1899, ses Fondements du 19me sicle le font connatre dun vaste public: il y relit la totalit de lhistoire de loccident au prisme de la race et du ncessaire avnement de la puissance germanique. Those three cities had been, throughout the 19. century, the epitome of Western culture: the Greeks had bequeathed philosophy and the arts, the Romans the Law and the Empire, and Jerusalem had opened a new path to salvation with the teachings of Jesus Christ. Ein Beitrag zur historischen Methodenkritik, in Archiv fr Kulturgeschichte, 64, 1972, pp. This is the decisive standpoint for men of action. Not a Jew, by all means! Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996. What can you say of a 1200 years long history that does not offer a single philosopher, not even the most modest one? The Teutonic warrior is therefore celebrated by Chamberlains book with the same resonating fury as Wagners operas: Ohne ihn ging der Tag des Indoeuropers zu Ende. In that respect, he is not being entirely fair to the author. 12/02/2021 . Hitler, Adolf, private talk from Oct. 21st, 1941, Fhrerhauptquartier, quoted in Hitler, Adolf, Den Jesus knnen Sie nicht zum Arier machen, das ist Unsinn. What mattered to them was biology and race, not the law or a mere artificial citizenship. This idea was borrowed by Chamberlain from many racist historians and theoreticians of the time. Hitler and Goebbels got the chance to pay him another visit, in May 1926, just before he passed away. Field, Geoffrey G., Evangelist of Race. Auswirkungen der Entjudaisierung Christi im 19. und. (). The book goes into a lot of analysis to explain what the tuetonic race is the greatest race the world has ever been give and has merged into many other races at the same time also. 6 Drben, im asiatischen Osten, hatten und haben nicht einmal die Menschen Persnlichkeit, hier, in Hellas, ist jeder Fluss, jeder Stein belebt, individualisiert, die stumme Natur erwacht zum Bewusstsein ihrer selbst, in Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, op. 8What is interesting, however, is the following statement: according to Chamberlain, the Romans and the Greeks, the founding fathers of our European civilization, were indeed Germans. Was der Chamberlain da in seinen, Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe, 1890-1945, The second Saviour (with a capital S) is Jesus Christ himself whom Chamberlain celebrates at length in his book. Der Fanatiker erhitzt die Kpfe, Sie erwrmen die Herzen. The There is the force that stems from chaos and in turn leads to chaos, and there is the force which shapes the cosmos, , Munich, Franz Eher Verlag, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1926, 782p. Quote f, Although he did not agree with everything he had written in the, , Hitler knew how to value such honour. What were the problems caused by modernity and how could the world be improved for the sake of the better portionthe white portionof humanity? This idea was borrowed by Chamberlain from many racist historians and theoreticians of the time. (Houston Stewart Chamberlain, 1855 9 9 ~ 1927 1 9 ) , , . However, it was quite successful from the 1900s to the 1930s; it sold over 200000 copies. Delenda est Carthago, but this time for gooda word to the wise for people who were sent fighting the new Carthage of Jewish bolshevism on the Eastern front. Greece has always gravitated around Asia, till Rome dragged it away, to the West. In the 1031 pages of the two volumes, Chamberlain borrowed ideas from the leading sciences of . This second visit was, according to Goebbels, a heartbreaking episode which Berlins new Gauleiter described in his diary, in May 1926: Shattering scene: Chamberlain on a couch. While the Greeks rejoiced in the company of ideas, the Romans were materialists in both the best and the worst sense of the term. , Mnchen, C.H. Updates? Though it were proved that there was never an Aryan race in the past, yet we desire that in the future there may be one. devotion baptism . Off we go. copies. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Christianity is, for the author, a pillar of European culture. Trailblazer, pioneer! . An Anthology of Texts, London, Routledge, 2002. Both an art lover and a dilettante, he was welcomed into Richard Wagners larger circles when he became his son-in-law. [1] You are free: to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix - to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution - You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Houston had an enthusiasm towards superiority of the "Teutonic" race, a category that he used synonymously with "Aryan" and "Germanic." because of Houston's beliefs, he soon became a well-known writer for his articles on . Assistance with short selling your home Outside the rain patters! Being a Nazi in 1926 was just not the same than being a Nazi in 1938, 1942 or 1944. The son of a naval officerhis father was an admiral in the Royal Navy , he spent his whole youth travelling around Europe. Christianity is, for the author, a pillar of European culture. Chamberlain was brought up by relatives in France. In his book, we can read that Plato was, by all means, a great philosopher. Athens was beautiful, but Greece was splendid: the people looked like statues, they had perfectly proportioned noses and marble skin, they spoke the language of books (written in Greek) and they invented not only mathematics but also the theatre and the art of warfare. "In this manner the ground was prepared for the emergence of a new race of'Supermen'," said Houston Stewart Chamberlain. This beautiful race (in every regard) was dominant in Germany and Austria, but also within the elites of the British Empire and of the United States of America; it extended to the French elites as well, but only partly. emphasizes the importance of race, nation, personality, the creative idea in history . In the 1031 pages of the two volumes, Chamberlain borrowed ideas from the leading sciences of the time (history and the natural sciences) and stood up for the dominant ideas, at the. Despite this biological disaster or the inevitable fall of the Romans, the Nordic race did not disappear. His book Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (The . What can you say of a 1200 years long history that does not offer a single philosopher, not even the most modest one? And Chamberlain would not be the last to perform such a, under the Third Reich; for instance, an official Protestant church pledged to the Nazi party, . The idea of physical race unity and rice purity, which is the very essence of Judaism, signify the recognition of a fundamental physiological fact of life; wherever we observe life from the hyphomycetes to the noble horse we see the importance of "race"; judaism made this law of nature sacred. Being a Nazi in 1926 was just not the same than being a Nazi in 1938, 1942 or 1944. This beautiful race (in every regard) was dominant in Germany and Austria, but also within the elites of the British Empire and of the United States of America; it extended to the French elites as well, but only partly. This book had already been published in, Die Rasse in den GeisteswissenschaftenBand II: Hauptepochen und Hauptvlker der. The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich. This obsession with diseases and the assimilation of blood-mixing with infection is a common characteristic, as well as a deep concern, among the most convinced racists of the time. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996. In this monumental piece of work, he tried to answer the following questions: what made (t)his period the most remarkable one in history? Schemann, who held a doctorate in history from the University of Berlin, made a living as a raciologist (Rassenkndler) at the University of Freiburg and translated Gobineaus work in German. Indeed, I would also describe you as the opposite of a politician, in the commonly accepted sense of the word, for the essence of all politics is membership of a party, whereas with you all parties disappear, consumed by the heat of your love for the fatherland. What then could possibly have happened? The edict of Caracalla in 212 was the beginning of the end: the Romans were to die of a slow death, all victims of this blood disease, after having mixed their blood with Arabs, Africans and Jews. 325-363. Only 1869 did Richard Wagner authorize its publication under his name. Nearly as significant and important was the fact that, thanks to the Roman conquest, the Greeks finally turned their back to the East, in other words to Asia: Without Rome, undoubtedly, Europe would have been a mere perpetuation of the Asian chaos. Wo ist ein grosser, schpferischer Naturforscher unter den Rmern? In a criminal way, the Asian and African slave had crawled up to the throne of the Roman Empire. Die vlkische Bewegung im wilhelminischen Kaiserreich. This attempt at completing the Nazi evangelium was not crowned with success: Hitler, who considered Mein Kampf as sufficiently self-explanatory, despised Rosenbergs reflections which Goering himself went as far as to call a mere philosophical burp. He was, for the Germans, the thinker who popularized Gobineaus ideas on the social Darwinists, providing the German bourgeoisie with a sense of its mission: am deutschen wesen soll die welt genesenthe German essence must heal the world. Counter-revolutionary theoreticians exalted in Germany the biological idea of the Volk and coined the word vlkisch as an alternative to the French adjective national. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Long, long handshake! otto porter wilt chamberlain son. houston stewart chamberlain, the importance of race summary. Introduction Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855-1927) is best known for his cultural history Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (Foundations of the Nineteenth Century; Munich, 1899) as well as for his studies of Kant, Goethe, Wagner, and Heinrich von Stein. In very ancient times, Germanic tribes had come from the north to colonize the south. You probably mean Arthur Neville Chamberlain(1869-1940), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.And yes, if you mean Field Marshal Sir Neville Chamberlain (1820-1902), prominence in Munity etc . Wagner, Richard, Das Judentum in der Musik, Leipzig, 1869. While the Greeks had given Europe a soul, the Romans were busy shaping the body: the, , the legions. Sample translated sentence: . Dass der Schwerpunkt der Kultur endgltig nach Westen verlegt, dass der semitisch-asiatische Bann gebrochen (), dass das vorwiegend indogermanische Europa nunmehr das schlagende Herz und das sinnende Hirn der ganzen Menschheit wurde, das ist das Werk Roms, Ibid., p.168. He also had quite a vast cultural knowledge for a self-made man. Regrettably, a number of Chamberlain's most important works are still accessible only to those who know German, the language in which he did 2 19 20 . This idea allowed Chamberlain to combine both his vast amount of knowledge in history as well as in the humanities, in general. "Foundations of the Nineteenth Century". The Germanic giants from the forests of the north were blood from their blood and spirit from their spirit, and, as such, the true heir of the Romans and of the Greeks, . sand hollow state park camping. He defined himself as an Ungelehrter, taking pride in not being a trained scholar, which he deemed was unworthy of his natural talents. Meuchelmrderisch hatte sich der asiatische und. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, New York, Columbia University Press, 1981, 565p. 5 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, Munich, Bruckmann, 1899, 1031p. (2 volumes). Schemann, who held a doctorate in history from the University of Berlin, made a living as a raciologist (, ) at the University of Freiburg and translated Gobineaus work in German. An analysis of Wagners drama (1892) and a biography (1895) followed. 1.7 Houston Stewart Chamberlain and the Race Struggle of Western History Like Theodor Fritsch, Houston Stewart Chamberlain represents an important link between . He could have been a typical character from A Room with a View; he who could not embrace the military career his father had ambitioned for him and went on travelling instead. I, chap. In it, he provides his readership with a new approach to Western history in relation to the question of race and the necessary rise of Germanic power. This idea according to which the Greeks and the Germans shared the same taste for beauty had been a commonplace for, since Johann Winckelmann published, in 1764, his, In the words of Chamberlain: This assumption of the importance of the arts corresponds to a specific character of the German mind, if I am not mistaken, But what was to be said about Rome? 16 Das Rassen- und Nationalittlose Vlkerchaos des sptrmischen Imperiums, Ibid., p.371. Nearly as significant and important was the fact that, thanks to the Roman conquest, the Greeks finally turned their back to the East, in other words to Asia: Without Rome, undoubtedly, Europe would have been a mere perpetuation of the Asian chaos. 19Although he did not agree with everything he had written in the Foundations, Hitler knew how to value such honour. Without him, the Indo-Europeans would have disappeared. Reassured though he was to have met the saviour of Germany and of the German race, Chamberlain did not die right away and had to wait four more years before falling into a deep and peaceful sleep. This is one of the better clichs of the German historiography of the second half of the 19th century: only the Nordic king, Alexander of Macedonia, managed to unify Greece and put an end to endless campaigns by creating an Empire, like King Wilhelm of Prussia who succeeded in 1871 in unifying the different German tribes and states into a mighty Empire.8 Fortunately, the Greeks were great artists, like the Germans themselves. and not just in Germany. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1996. Despite this biological disaster or the inevitable fall of the Romans, the Nordic race did not disappear. Trailblazer, pioneer! Houston Stewart Chamberlain, who spoke fluent German, belonged from then on to the sanctum of Germano-maniac racism, a group of worshippers who had gathered around Richard Wagner: Wagner, the bard of a reinvented Germanic mythology, who celebrated heroic figures of oneiric purity and had a slight tendency of considering that his agethe 19, centurywas leading white Germanic mankind towards decadence, degeneration and death. Still, the Greeks were far from perfect. Farewell! El este descris n Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ca "scriitor rasialist". 26 Sie sind ja gar nicht, wie Sie mir geschildert worden sind, ein Fanatiker, vielmehr mchte ich Sie als den unmittelbaren Gegensatz eines Fanatikers bezeichnen. He spent his winters in Cannes and springs in Florence. Miranda. But something is as clear as the sun at midday: if the Phenician people had not been exterminated () mankind would never have experienced () this 19, century that we can consider with pride and hope, For Chamberlain, the victory of the Carthaginians over the Romans would have been a catastrophe: We have been saved by the brutal, of Cato and the likes. Chamberlain compiles here a collection of the most trivial commonplaces which anyone could have easily uttered, if only to appear literate at the table of a. in Germany or of a first baronet in England. For todays readers, it is nothing more than a flood of words and phrases, an accumulation of commonplaces, false ideas and lies without any firm structure or real coherence. But in his book, Chamberlain laid down the foundations for a vision of history that was to nurture the Nazi. Shattering scene: Chamberlain on a couch. Thanks to this book, and because he was someone who mattered in Bayreuth, Chamberlain later became a very important mediator in the formulation of the Nazi ideology, before he died in 1927. However, it was quite successful from the 1900s to the 1930s; it sold over 200000 copies. Chamberlain scorned this racial chaos of the late Roman Empire, which destroyed any racial and national principle, this chaos of peoples of the decadent Roman Empire being a capital sin against nature. Houston Stewart Chamberlain. It was not really a success, mainly because Hitler did not agree with Chamberlains glorification of Christian culture; but also because he believed that Christ was a mixed-blood; he who was born, according to the Fhrer, from a Roman soldier and a Palestinian prostitute named Mary21: You cannot make an Aryan out of Jesus that is nonsense. 18 Copy quote. What Chamberlain wrote in his. He defined himself as an Ungelehrter, taking pride in not being a trained scholar, which he deemed was unworthy of his natural talents. Houston Stewart Chamberlain was a social Darwinist and a true racist. (). Home; About; Program; FAQ; Registration; Sponsorship; Contact; Home; About; Program; FAQ; Registration; Sponsorship . Hitler, Adolf, Mein Kampf, Munich, Franz Eher Verlag, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1926. Houston Stewart Chamberlain is the translation of "Houston Stewart Chamberlain" into Croatian. He then joined the Nazi party before he passed away in 1927. Chamberlain chose to revisit this holy triangle through the vlkisch perspective. 11For Chamberlain, the victory of the Carthaginians over the Romans would have been a catastrophe: We have been saved by the brutal delenda est Carthago of Cato and the likes. especially since Houston Stewart Chamberlain, a forerunner of Nazi racial ideology, embraced it. Die Nazis erklrten ihn zu ihrem Vordenker. An Anthology of Texts, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945. , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. , Leipzig, 1869. ). After attending a lyce in Versailles and a boarding school in Cheltenham, he visited destination spas and various health resortshe did not have a very sound constitutionwith his chaperon and a tutor. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, "Kant: Excursus on the 'Thing in Itself,'" Immanuel Kant: A Study and a Comparison with Goethe, Leonardo da Vinci, Bruno, Plato and Descartes, vol. . He became ill but was reinvigorated by a visit Adolf Hitler paid him in 1923. 23 Weindling, Paul, Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe, 1890-1945, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003, 463p. And Weindling, Paul, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989. 13 der rechtsmssige Erbe des Hellenen und des Rmers, ibid. The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain, New York, Columbia University Press, 1981. Long, long handshake! The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich. In that respect, he is not being entirely fair to the author. While the Greeks had given Europe a soul, the Romans were busy shaping the body: the Imperium, the jus romanum, the legions. . It was high time the saviour appeared. His big eyes burn like fire. Hitler wanted the support of someone whose work had become a canonical book for the racist nationalists in Germany. Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 2 vols, Munich, Bruckmann, 1899. 7 Der Grieche war von jeher, was er noch heute ist, untreu, unpatriotisch, eigenschtig, Ibid., p.50. It is no wonder that an Englishman like Chamberlain became part of the Wagner Circle for Britons were considered to be members of the Aryan race like any other German(ic) man. Before praising the Romans for being good lawyers, he blames them for their lack of creativity: Can you find one single poetic genius among the Romans? Those three cities had been, throughout the 19th century, the epitome of Western culture: the Greeks had bequeathed philosophy and the arts, the Romans the Law and the Empire, and Jerusalem had opened a new path to salvation with the teachings of Jesus Christ. The immigration of strangers to the race was recurrently presented as the invasion of microbes and viruses into a healthy and sound body. Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Summary With a . By way of mixture and integration, the Romans changed and gave birth to a breed of mongrels, giving out the Roman citizenship (civitas romana) to every free man on earth. Please, do not mention this painstaking compiler, good enough to write mediocre encyclopaedias named Plinius11. He was, for the Germans, the thinker who popularized Gobineaus ideas on the social Darwinists, providing the German bourgeoisie with a sense of its mission: am deutschen wesen soll die welt genesenthe German essence must heal the world. What mattered to them was biology and race, not the law or a mere artificial citizenship. Why was the world precisely how it should be (the white population thus rewarded for its supremacy over the others)?
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