LXXIV, 2 and MGL ch. . Art. A ballot question committee includes any person, located within or outside Arkansas, who receives contributions or makes expenditures for the purpose of expressly advocating the qualification, disqualification, passage or defeat of any ballot measure. 3, 5). Thirteen states require publication in a newspaper: Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma and Utah. Majority to pass: Yes (M.C.L.A. Art. CONST. Art. O.R.S. IV, 1). Art. Art. Repeal or change restrictions: For statutes, may not be repealed by the legislature within two years of its effective date (Const. Ballot title and summary: The secretary of state and the attorney general also jointly make a more descriptive ballot question summary to be sent to voters. 2, 24). Where to file with: None, but state board of elections certifies signatures (5 ILCS 20/2a). 4, Pt. II, 1(b) and RCW 29A.72.150). Public meetings are also held and posting of amendments (A.R.S. Const. Art. 2). For amendments, unless specified otherwise, July 1 following approval (MCA 13-27-105; MT CONST Art. 2, 9; Const. Submission deadline for signatures: Must be filed within 90 days of when the applicable legislative session adjourns sine die (AZ Const. Art. answer choices. Which election: Next succeeding general election, except when the legislature shall order a special election (Const. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Utah Code 20A-7-209). IV, 1). Any time before the final submission of signatures, the delegated proponents may write to the secretary of state to withdraw. Art. A petition may only be rejected if two different sampling processes determine it does not have sufficient signatures. 4, Pt. Petitions must be filed within 90 days after the legislative session at which the law was passed adjourns either sine die or for more than 90 days. Const. Repeat measures: More than two elections on the same general matter cannot be held within 12 months (NDCC, 16.1-01-11). 4, 5), Forty percent in Mississippi (MS Const. Law 6-203(b)). Where to file with: Lieutenant governor (U.C.A. Ballot title and summary: The board of state canvassers (M.C.L.A. Art. Paid per signature: No ban on initiative petitions, but a statement must appear on the petition if circulator is being paid (W.S.1977 22-24-310). 21). Code 107). Art. Which election: Next statewide or general election, whichever comes first, that is not less than 60 days after the petition is submitted (Const. Who can sign the petition: Legal, registered voters (V.A.M.S. Michigans constitution explicitly grants the legislature the power to amend laws approved by the people by referendum at any time (Const. 116.332). Application process information: The person(s) or organization(s) under whose authority the measure is to be referred must deliver to the secretary of state the petition, signed by at least 20 qualified electors of the state (IC 34-1804). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: All campaign finance activity must be conducted through a campaign finance entity. 3. create a unicameral national legislature. XVI, 4). Const. Repeal or change restrictions: Can only be changed by a vote of the people. Thirteen years since the Supreme Courts controversial Citizens United v. FEC decision, states continue to restrict corporate donations and dark money, and the laws continue to be challenged under the rulings precedent. 3, 50), Other subject restrictions: No appropriations or other new revenues not provided for in the measure (V.A.M.S. Persons involved in a statewide initiative or referendum process are subject to the provisions of the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act. Legislature or other government official review: Attorney general prepares explanatory statements. Code Ann. and the remainder of the required signatures shall be filed not later than the first Wednesday of the following December. After review by legislature, the second 0.5 percent of signatures are to be collected between mid-May and July and must be submitted to the local registrars two weeks before submission to the secretary of state. Each signature page must contain the subject expressed in the title of the Act to be referred (ORS 250.045). Which election: Next general election at least 31 days after the measure qualifies or at a special statewide election held prior to that general election; the governor may call a special statewide election for the measure (Const. Within three days of making an expenditure or receiving a contribution, a political committee must file a statement of organization and designate a treasurer. Seventeen states have subject matter limitations other than the single-subject rule: Dedicate revenue, repeal appropriations, create courts, define court rules or jurisdictions, or enact local or special legislation. Const. Types allowed: Indirect initiative for statutes, direct initiative for constitutional amendments, and popular referendum. XLVII, Pt. Art. Code Ann. II, 18). These may be accepted or rejected. If he finds it in proper form, he shall so certify. If the attorney general does not approve of the statement, they prepare one themselves (MCA 13-27-312). Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (Ark. Art. 3, 4; MCA 13-27-301; 13-27-202). The reform movements of the Progressive Era generally focused on . Timeline for taking effect: When approved (Const. Vote requirement for passage: Majority of the votes cast thereon and at least 40% of the total number of votes legally cast in the election (Const. V, 1(3) and CRS 1-40-117. Art. Who can sign the petition: Qualified electors of the state of Montana (MCA 13-27-102). What is on each petition: Form is approved by secretary of state and attorney general and following rules established by secretary of state. Application process information: No fee or application prior to circulating. Paying per signature was held unconstitutional (Miss. Public review or notice: Public may comment for 15 days on petition once it is approved for circulation, and may attend hearing held by joint committee on legislative research, with comments from that meeting made public, and newspaper publication (V.A.M.S. Full text is printed on ballot if it is 200 words or less; if it is more than 200 words, the secretary of state drafts a title. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state (21-A MRS 901(4)). Art. The popular referendum process allows voters to approve or repeal an act of the legislature. 13, 1). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Have 120 days before election for amendments, and 160 days before an election and not less than 10 days before legislative session for statutes (M.C.L.A. CONST. Vote requirement for passage: Majority, provided that the votes cast on the measure shall equal at least one-third of the total votes cast at the election (Const. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: An act referred to the people is in effect until suspended by petitions signed by at least 15% of the qualified electors in a majority of the legislative representative districts. II, 1g). Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Art. IV, 1). State Board of Elections (Note: the board is empowered to adopt rules for filing applications, so presumably such applications are filed with the board. 10% of total votes cast in previous general election, 5% of votes cast for all candidates for governor in previous election, 6% of total votes cast for the office of governor in the last general election, 5% of votes cast for all candidates for governor in the last gubernatorial election, 5% of votes cast for secretary of state in last election, 6% of the qualified electors at the time of the last general election, 10% of the total votes cast for governor in the last gubernatorial election, 3% of the votes cast for governor at the preceding biennial state election, 2% of the entire votes cast for governor at the preceding biennial state election, 5% of total votes cast for all candidates for governor in the last general election, 5% of the total vote cast for governor at the last election. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: To be voted on at the next regular or general election subsequent to 125 days after the supplementary petition is filed (OH Const. Colorado. . initiative referendum and recall are examples of quizlet . 250.105). All citizen initiatives require the collection of a certain number of signatures, although states vary in the number of signatures and the baseline used to determine that number. Designated representatives must, within 10 days of filing a completed petition, file a report containing information about paid circulators and any other expenditures made in relation to circulating petitions. Code Ann. Art. 3, 52). Art. ILCS Const. Ballot issue committees must file reports of contributions and expenditures on or before the fourth and second Friday immediately preceding a general election and on or before the second Tuesday after a general election. Art. Art. Petition title and summary creation: Sponsors draft title (ARS 19-101(A)). 354). Ballot title and summary: The same title drafted by the title board in the pre-qualification stage is used on the ballot (CRS 1-40-106); there is not a summary on the ballot (CRS 1-40-115). Withdrawal of petition: Any time before the final submission of signatures, proponents may write to the secretary of state to withdraw (34 OS 8). Art. Withdrawal of petition: The sponsor may file a written notice to withdraw the initiative with the secretary of state (V.A.M.S. 3; Const. Withdrawal of petition: The chief petitioners may withdraw at any time before submitting the total number of signatures for verification. Cannot start collecting more than two years before the election (ILCS Const. Art. 48, Init., Pt. Art. Other subject restrictions: Cannot require an expenditure of money unless a sufficient tax is provided (N.R.S. 15, 273). III, 6). Art. 4), Michigan (M.C.L.A. 48). Code 84107). 34-1809), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Must file by the May before the election the measure is to be voted on (I.C. 19, 2), Who can sign the petition: Registered voters (N.R.S. Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after governor proclaims election results, which happens within 10 days after the vote has been canvassed and determined. 34-1803B). Verification: State Board is empowered to adopt regulations specifying procedures for verifying and counting signatures (Elec. For indirect statutory initiatives, after turning in original 3 percent of signatures, proponents must return next batch of signatures (another 3 percent) within 90 days of the legislature not enacting or amending a measure. Art. 116.060). Signature pages must include description of subject and purpose of petition, a fair and accurate summary or the full text, a statement to which each signer subscribes, spaces for signatures, spaces for signers' county and space for the required affidavit. II, 1(d) and RCW 29A.72.030 and .160. Application must include act to be referred; statement of approval or rejection; printed name, signature, address and numerical identifier of not less than 100 qualified voters who will serve as sponsors; the designation of a referendum committee consisting of three sponsors who will represent all sponsors and subscribers in matters relating to the referendum. Art. 14, 10. A.R.S. Const. Verification: Each signature is physically counted. The obligatory referendum was first adopted by the canton of rural Basel in 1863. Initiative, referendum, and recall are three means by which the people may bring their will to bear directly on the legislative process and the machinery of government. 11 5). For constitutional amendment initiatives, 4% of resident population. The filing procedure described in statute does not appear to apply to referendum petitions, every initiative petition for a proposed law or amendment to the state constitution (CRS 1-40-105). 48, Init., Pt. Types Allowed: Indirect initiative for statutes, and popular referendum. When formed as a ballot question committee, it must file campaign statements and other forms with the Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission, all on a set timeline. Where to file: Attorney general, then petition goes to secretary of state (Cal.Elec.Code 9001, 9004; Cal.Const. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (Elec. Art. Who creates petitions: Secretary of state creates templates, including cover and signature sheets (O.R.S. Recall is the ability as a citizen to petition for a re-vote of an elected official who is believed to be ineffective. No. Art. C.R.S.A. The president of the Senate and the speaker of the House of Representatives have authority to designate groups of members to prepare arguments for and against amendments to the Ohio Constitution proposed by the General Assembly, a person or persons to prepare an argument for any law, section, or item submitted to the electors by referendum petition, and a person or persons to prepare an argument against any constitutional amendment proposed by initiative petition. Verification: Lieutenant governor verifies the total number of signatures and qualification of the signers, and that there are sufficient signers who are resident in three-fourths of the house districts (AS 15.45.160). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: If sufficiency is being reviewed at the time the ballot is being prepared, the measure shall be placed on the ballot and no subsequent decision shall invalidate it if it is approved by a majority of voters (Const. Withdrawal of petition: None, the withdrawal process specified in statute applies only to initiative petitions (CRS 1-40-134). Const. And must be filed four months before election. Where to file: Secretary of state and attorney general (ORC 3519.01(B)). If the total signatures meet 90 to 100 % of the requirement, the clerk checks all of the signatures until 100 % is reached. For indirect initiatives, the legislature may make technical changes only, and prepare a legislative review note and a legislative fiscal note on the law proposed by the initiative petition. Art. Constitution 48, Pt. 3, 52(b) and Wyo. Circulator requirements: At least 18 years old,a Utah resident and paid circulators must wear badges (Utah Code 20A-7-303(3)). Details on who or which offices writes the title and summary are listed below. Art. Submission deadline of signatures: Have 120 days before election for amendments, and 160 days before election and not less than 10 days before legislative session for statutes (M.C.L.A. Which election is a measure on: General election, but governor and legislature may call special elections (U.C.A. II, 9). M.G.L.A. 11 1 and 5). Const. 116.153; 116.025). Withdrawal of petition: May be withdrawn no later than 120 days before the next general election if no less than two-thirds of the petition sponsors file such a request in writing with the secretary of state (SDCL 2-1-2.3). XVII, 1; Art. 1, Part 2). Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state drafts a short and concise statement that fairly represents the proposal; approved by the attorney general (NDCC 16.1-01-09). 130.021). Art. 116.030 and .050, Nebraska: Const. 15, 273; Miss. Application process information: File an exact printed copy of petition as it will be used for signature gathering (A.C.A. Art. Thirteen states require a voter pamphlet or booklet, usually mailed to every voter or household: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah and Washington. Art. Art. Which election: General election, or at a special election ordered by the general assembly (Const. Verification: County officials check that each signatory is a registered elector of the county. V, 3; 34 Okl.St.Ann. 250.062). Clerks check the names, verify they are 18 or older, and determine if they are a registered voter. Which election is a measure on: The next statewide election unless the legislature or governor convenes a special election for it or the governor designates a vote at the primary election (OK Const. Code 18680. 72.130). Art. Art. Petitions must be submitted within 90 days after the law is filed by the governor in the office of the secretary of state. VI). Legislature may amend with three-fourths vote but only to further the purpose of the measure (A.R.S. General review of petition: Attorney general may confer with proponents and recommend revisions (Miss. If petitions are insufficient, sponsors may circulate and file a supplementary petition within 10 days of the date that notice was given if 90 days have not expired after the adjournment of the legislative session at which the act was passed. IV, 1). 2, 10; Cal.Elec.Code 9004). IV, 1(4)). For amendments, 10 % of the total qualified electors of the state (MT CONST Art. 168.22e; 168.476; 168.477; 168.480). Art. Const. Art. 11 3), Who can sign the petition: Registered voter in the county in which the petition circulates (F.S.A. Petitions must be submitted by midnight within 90 days of the date the legislation was signed by the governor and filed with the secretary of state. In other words, it is the ability of the voters to enact or repeal laws, or recall elected officials. Timeline for taking effect: An act rejected by referendum is void 30 days after certification. Where to file: Secretary of state (Const. Timeline for taking effect: Effective upon the governor's proclamation of the vote (Const. Art. A petition's sponsor must file a campaign finance report at the time a petition is filed under 6-205 and a committee opposing a ballot measure must file a campaign finance report within 10 business days after the petition is filed under 6-205 (Elec. Number of signatures required: Not more than 5 % of the qualified electors, based on the total number of votes cast for governor at the last preceding gubernatorial elections (Const. 3, 2; NDCC, 16.1-01-17). Repeat measures: 5 years on any measure that is "substantially the same as that defeated by" the previous measure (W.S.1977 22-24-301). Art. 7-9-104). XVI, 3(b)). Repeal or change restrictions: The legislature shall not have the power to repeal a referendum measure passed by a majority of the voters (Const. Time-period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Filed at least four months before election (Ark. 2, 1). 13, 1). Groups must file reports detailing contributions received in excess of $100 in the aggregate and all contributions and expenditures made by the group (AS 15.13.040(b)). All 23 popular referendum states require political organizations that support or oppose a ballot measure, often considered political action committees, to follow state campaign finance laws. Geographic distribution: Not more than half may be residents of Baltimore City or of one county (Const. Art. Const. II, 1g; Art. Which election is a measure on: The next regular or general election occurring subsequent to the 125 days after filing signatures (OH Const. So as a whole, the free. Additional statements for ballot measure committees are due April 30 and Oct. 31 (Govt. 2, 3, Michigan: M.C.L.A. 15, 273 and Miss. 295.009; 294A.150; 294A.220). Art. Art. 34, 6.1) and Utah (Utah Code 20A-7-306(3) and -306.3). For three years, measures can only be proposed again by signatures totaling 25%of total votes cast for governor last election, and special rule for competing measures. Timeline for taking effect: An act rejected by referendum is void 30 days after certification. Art. 116.025). 5, 1; M.G.L.A. 116.320). Art. Which election: Biennial general election (Const. 34-1812a, 34-1812b, I.C. To find a specific recall, you can scroll through the items listed in the widget and click on the recall or alert for more information. Florida: Attorney general can request advisory opinion on the constitutionality of a measure from the state supreme court. Art. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (IC 34-1821). 3519.16. 101.161). Proponent organization and requirements: There may be a legally or generally recognized sponsor of the proposed amendment or question (M.C.L.A. V, 1(3)). Art. Law 13-202). Application process information: Not available in statute. Who creates petitions: Secretary of state reviews the petitions (SDCL 2-1-1.1; SDCL 2-1-1.2). 2). Art. For amendments, 10% of total votes cast for governor. 32-630; 32-1546), Number of signatures required: For statutory initiatives, 7 % of votes cast for governor in last election. Repeal or change restrictions: None (Const. Art. Art. Code 9030). In some states, the question is worded such that a yes vote is in favor of the law subject to referendum, while in others, a yes vote is in favor of repealing the law that is the subject of the referendum. If more than 105% are deemed valid, the petition is deemed valid. Timeline for collecting signatures: For direct constitutional amendments, nine months and three weeks. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state, official committee that filed and approved by attorney general (O.R.C. Art. 116.090). 19-119). II, 9). States with geographic requirements using entities that are unequal in population, such as counties or even state legislative districts, are more likely to have the requirement challenged in court (for example, see Montana). Subject restrictions: Such laws as may be necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, support of the state government and its existing public institutions are not subject to referendum (Const. 6, 1), Repeat measures: Two years (U.C.A. 273; Miss. Repeal or change restrictions: No act, law or bill approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon shall be amended or repealed by the legislature within a period of two years following such enactment unless by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (SDCL 2-1-10). A post-election report is due by Jan. 7. See. Who can sign the petition: Legal voters (Const. If the board is unable to verify the genuineness of a signature on a petition using the digitized signature contained in the qualified voter file, the board may cause any doubtful signatures to be checked against the registration records by the clerk of any political subdivision in which the petitions were circulated, to determine the authenticity of the signatures or to verify the registrations (MCL 168.476). III, 2; 4), Who can sign the petition: Registered voters (Ne.Rev.St. Art. Number of signatures required: Eight % of the total number of legal voters for statutes. Reports are monthly during election years and annually in nonelection years. Const. Govt. 1-40-102, 1-40-105, 1-40-106). 116.334; 116.260). Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Const. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (ORS 250.065(4)). 48, Init., Pt. (Elec. 19-125), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: No statute, Conflicting measures: The measure that receives the greatest number of affirmative votes (A.R.S. 19, 1). 3519.01; 3519.02; 3513.10). Types allowed: Indirect citizen initiative for statutes and amendments and popular referendum. Florida. Petitions must be submitted not less than four months prior to the next general election. What is on each petition: A fair, concise summary of the proposed measure must appear at the top, along with the names and residences of the first 10 signers (Const.
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