His eyes looked like they were going to pop out of their sockets. All Isabel could see was the metal side of the boat in front of her face, but she heard a commotion behind her. But he knew better. She had flawless olive skin, long black hair, and full red lips. Ever since the Nazis had taken over six years ago, Jews were fleeing Germany. Tomorrow. Along with Josef and Isabel, she is one of the books three protagonists. An Industriales baseball game played on the television in the corner, and Isabels grandfather turned down the volume. Soon after landing in Greece, Mahmouds father gets them onto a ferry that will take them to Athens. Our father is waiting for us in Cuba, Renata told them. However, Waleed, unable to cope, has just turned into a robot, numb to the pain around him. A jagged line of real bullet holes bisected Assads face. It was the day Josef would leave his childhood behind and become a man, and he could hardly contain his excitement. Josefs mother and sister left to go back to visit his father in their cabin. He dragged Waleed with him toward the front door, but Waleed pulled back. (including. Germany was somewhere up north, in the heart of Europe. A hand grabbed her, making her jump, and she spun around. Izzat so? the fisherman said. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Yes, but they are all players for the Lions, and shes a little lion! The Lions was the nickname of the Industriales. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Youll just be our little secret, Isabel whispered. Mahmoud felt like he was in trouble. Quickly. Mahmouds mother pulled the end of the scarf up over her face so that only her eyes were showing. In the year 1938, Josef Landauis a twelve-year-old Jewish child living in Berlin, Germany. "Mahmoud Bishara was invisible, and that's exactly how he wanted it. Please, Isabel begged. Just ahead of them, two boys had another boy up against what was left of a wall, about to take the bag of bread he carried. We should have gone long ago. They were all alive! His home was totally destroyed. Mahmoud could hear music beyond the fence. Read More She had to think of some answer to all this, some solution that would keep her family together. The blood drained from Josefs face. They used it on the door handles of cabins up and down the passageway on A-deck, then hid around the corner and waited. It seems inappropriate for such a sacred moment to be celebrated in the presence of Hitler. Josef had seen paintings of the Nazi leader all over the ship, and the first-class social hall was no exception. Hundreds of them. No, we Isabel! Characters of Refugees Landau, Josef. Chabela! her grandfather shouted when he saw her. When Mahmoud and his family are placed with a host . Mahmouds mother came out of the bedroom, where shed been folding clothes, and turned off the TV. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. They had walked for hours in the hot sun without a bath, without a change of clothes. She was barefoot like always, and wore a tank top and shorts. His only distinguishing characteristics are big ears and wire-rimmed glasses. I dont know. Then, Fatima emerges from the bedroom with, Mahmoud: Just Outside Aleppo, Syria 2015, 1 day from home, soldiers is hit and killed. The family of Mahmoud intends to go to Aleppo. Isabel cried out and let go of the boat. A large portrait of Hitler hung in the middle of the room, watching over them all. We need help!, The vacationers dropped their voices, and even though Mahmoud couldnt understand what they were saying, he could hear the disgust in their words. German families talked and laughed and argued in their compartments, just like Jews. It was easier to stay invisible that way. Well come for you soon enough. The Nazis trashed the rest of Josefs house, breaking furniture and smashing plates and tearing curtains. Ivn thought he was being sneaky, but Isabel knew exactly what he and his father were building in their shed, and it wasnt a doghouse. I have to go. She climbed up the bumper and onto the hood. When the refugees reach Austria, people greet them with cheers and throw them food, water, and supplies. And together well find her, yes? Thank you! "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Dont stop. Advertisement. He blinked, still dazed, and then he understood. Down a side street just like this one, Mahmoud found Khalid getting beaten up by two older boys. It felt like ages since hed been inside a synagogue. Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (1). "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." A roar like a hot wind rising outside. But then there his dad was, running down the street toward them, and Mahmoud felt like he could fly. He also knew they were much more strict about letting people in than Turkey was. Isabel regretted that its brass was a little tarnished, but it was the most valuable thing she owned. Josef Landau shot straight up in bed, his heart racing. Dont stop for anything. No! Mahmoud stared straight ahead at his fathers back instead. Mahmouds father gives the man what he asked for and hurries the family away. He had to do something. She says that she thought, Frau Rosenburg explains that she was a refugee, too, and shows, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Validate reading with our Dynamic Quiz System. Isabels narrative is eerily similar to that of many Cubans under the dictatorship of Fidel Castro. Luis didnt have to say anything. But they had never told Isabel and her family. Germany? Mahmouds mother said. Fidel Castro had said that anyone who wanted to leave was welcome to go, but that was hours ago. A black shoe covered the armband before Josef could grab it. The next morning they had seen the people. Activities at StoryboardThat include Refugee book summary, themes, & more. He bowed and praised Allah again three times, stood and praised Allah again, then got down on his hands and knees and put his head to the floor, praising Allah three times more. Although the refugees eventually find new homes in Europe, Josef and his mother are captured by Nazis and die in a concentration camp. Not now. Mahmoud Bishara, 12, lives in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015. Thats when theyll snatch us. Mahmouds dad kept driving. Mahmoud realizes it is up to him to do something. This is a decision that no 13-year-old should have to make, but Mahmouds difficult journey requires him to take on this burden. Mahmoud Bishara was invisible, and thats exactly how he wanted it. What does Mahmoud's mother give to a passing refugee raft in the Mediterranean, in pages 110 - 163? They needed a place to hide from Hitler. She tells Mahmoud that they will find, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Here, Mahmoud emphasizes that being invisible serves as a form of protection for him: the less he is noticed, the less likely it is for him to be attacked. See the top reviewed local solar panel installation companies in Witzhave, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany on Houzz. Josef felt his skin tingle. Were refugees! Mahmoud yelled, unable to stay silent any longer. Isabels mother, almost nine months pregnant, was the only one not helping to carry the boat. She had gone back for whatever she could take from the apartment. If you were invisible, the bad people couldnt hurt you, that was true. It hadnt always been this way. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. ShhhhhHHHHHHTHOOOOOOM! They didnt call it that then. Alan Gratz the front cover. He put a hand to it and came away with blood. BANG! Take me back. Ruthie clung to her brother. They were all quiet a moment more, until her father said, But I dont even have a boat. Isabel nodded. Josef's journey. Do you understand? I Yes, Josef stammered. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. They spilled into the streets, and the few policemen on the Malecn were quickly overwhelmed. And why do you need gasoline so badly? To leave Cuba before my father is arrested. The fisherman wiped his lips on the back of his hand. The boy reached down, palmed the armband, and took Josef by the arm. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Yet at the same time, even though these different societies have all sunken into despair as a whole, the people within those societies still try to find a sense of hope in order to make a better future for themselves. Each floor had a living room and a kitchen just like theirs, all decorated differently. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasnt leaving tonight. He too wore his black hair cropped short, but he looked more like their mother, with narrower shoulders, thinner eyebrows, a flatter nose, and bigger ears. She threw herself into her grandfathers arms. It was the last straw for the police. Check Pages 1-50 of refugee_-_alan_gratz in the flip PDF version. The Chief of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, visited Syria on Wednesday for the first time after the earthquake. She wasnt paying any attention anyway. Josef just turned thirteen! Ruthie told the girls. There was a small group of them, up on the rocks overlooking the inlet. North, Dad said. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. The car skids to a stop, and Youssef, Fatima (with Hana), Mahmoud: Kilis, Turkey 2015, 2 days from home, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 4 days from home, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (1), One week after the boat to Greece was originally supposed to arrive, the smuggler tells, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (2), Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (1), Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (2), Fatima continues to sob at having given away Hana, and, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3). Youre old enough to be her grandfather. Lito just took that as a challenge. Struggling with distance learning? Mahmoud watched as these two boys attacked the boy with the bread, a boy he didnt even know. Isabels father pitched across the roiling boat and grabbed Seor Castillo by the shirt. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish boy living in Berlin, Germany, in 1938. Josef couldnt speak. Isabel looked back over her shoulder. They were all going to Cuba to escape the Nazis, and now that they were finally away from the threats and violence that followed them everywhere in Germany, there was singing and dancing and laughter. She never did make much. The people chose not to see them. When Mahmoud and his family finally got to the front of the line, late in the day, Mahmouds father presented their official documents to the border agent. Please, take us with you! To walk around getting noticed by the Syrian army or the rebels fighting them was just inviting trouble. Again. She listened now, intently, trying to hear the heartbeat of Cuba in her own music. She was born the year Adolf Hitler was elected chancellor of Germanu in 1933. Underneath this painting were the words, FIGHT AGAINST THE IMPOSSIBLE AND WIN. He has a mother, a father, a younger brother, and a baby sister. Two of the policemen had broken from the group and were running toward the water. Flying highest above them all, as if to remind everyone who was in charge, was the red-and-white Nazi flag with the black swastika in the middle. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Other Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were destroyed all over Germany, and tens of thousands of Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Unfortunately, the boat runs aground onto rocks and pops, dumping all the passengers in the freezing water. He wanted to be a professional baseball player when he grew up, and he was good enough that it wasnt a crazy dream. Isabel thought he meant Luiss girlfriend, but instead he pushed some of the sacks of food and jugs of water out of the way and pointed to the bottom of the boat. We have to get out! Mr. and Mrs. Sarraf hurried back into their apartment, and Mahmoud carried Hana down the stairs, pulling Waleed behind them. Grabbed for him. excluding an estimated 2.5 million nomads; 24,532,000 (2006E, including nomads). They were deserters, and deserters were shot. The capacity for global cooperation, as the pandemic shows, has shrunken to almost nil. This article discusses what its like to live in Syria during a conflict. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." He reared back again to hit Isabel, and she flinched. There! From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Do you want to build a snowman? his father sang. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do. A whistle blew. Josef watched as they dragged Papa away to the sounds of Mamas sobs and Ruths wails. He wasnt used to the sounds of this new flat, the smaller one he and his family had been forced to move into. Heart in his throat, skin tingling with goose bumps, Josef took the paper armband with the Star of David off his arm, slid it into the inside pocket of his jacket, and stepped through the door. Castros face was everywhere in Cubaon billboards, on taxis, in picture frames on schoolroom walls, painted on the sides of buildings. He shook his head, trying to clear the ringing, and spied his little brother. It was night, and a waning moon peeked out from behind scattered clouds. Hands grabbed Isabel and helped her climb the side of the boatIvn! Mahmoud has already had a lot of experience dealing with the trauma of war, as the Syrian Civil War has already been raging for four years at the beginning of Mahmoud's story. "Mahmoud's mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. No one had voted or named him captain, but he had built the boat, after all, and he was the one at the rudder, steering it, so that put him in charge. Luis didnt have time to answer. All we have now are two backpacks and our phones. It's Playing out in His Novels (Published 2018)", "Refugee by Alan Gratz A Timely and Important Novel", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refugee_(Gratz_novel)&oldid=1120635547, This page was last edited on 8 November 2022, at 01:30. Were almost to the water! I Isabel said, frozen in the bright light of the camera. Isabel wished she had something else to give it, but this food was already more than she could spare. Complete your free account to request a guide. Lito too. What? Slowly, shakily, Josef lifted his eyes from the black shoes to the white socks, brown shorts, brown shirt, and red Nazi armband of a Hitler Youth. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. We need help!, Dont you see? Lito said. No police cars or emergency crews hurried to the scene. Here, lets have a song anyway. He began singing a salsa song and tapping out the rhythm on the side of the metal boat. And well have to get to Izmir, on the Turkish coast. If you were caught trying to leave for el norte by boat, Castro would throw you in jail. Mahmoud explains how they gave, people who hadnt survived. Mahmoud couldnt draw a breath. The kitten wasnt too different from her, Isabel realized: thin, hungry, and in need of a bath. Isabel turned, holding a hand up in front of her eyes and expecting to see a police searchlight shining on her. They walk to a bus stop and reach the Hungarian border. The way the content is organized. Waleeds eyes are glassy, but he is able to talk. Invisibility serves as a type of protection for Mahmoud; as he puts it, being invisible is how he lives. Getting spotted by the Syrian army or the rebels battling them [is] only courting danger, Mahmoud says. She wanted to stay in Germany, Evelyne said. What is the name of the ship Josefs family will travel on? Were against whoever is dropping the bombs on us, he said. Shes a baby. The men wore jeans and T-shirts and tracksuits; the women wore dresses and abayas and hijabs. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. A crown jewel of the Middle East. The author of the article focuses on what it was like for Mahmoud and his family as they made their way across Europe. But why? He had done everything he could to avoid the Hitler Youth ever since, but now hed handed himself right over to oneand all because hed taken off his armband to walk around a train and buy a newspaper! Refugee Character Analysis Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. Then by boat? Theyll come for me. Everyone was quiet at that. The soldiers might be with the Syrian army, or with the Syrian rebels. Oh, thank God youre alive! their mom said. The building groaned again, and a kitchen on the top floor began to tip toward the street. Shed quit the hospital when Hana was born, but not before the war had begun. Well, I need money. I dont have any money, Isabel said. the wall. Toward them. Could they? Cuba might decide shes full-up with Jews when we get there and turn us away. Josef looked out to sea. Mahmoud is 13 years old in 2015, and lives in Aleppo, Syria with his father Youssef, his mother Fatima, his read analysis of Mahmoud Bishara Josef 's younger sister, who is six years old when they board the St. Louis to escape Nazi Germany. As her grandfather arrived and helped Isabel get her father to his feet, she understood. Tomorrow. However, Mahmoud decides to stand up for himself and his family. My brother, just a boy, becoming a man at last. Two girls around Ruthies age wearing matching flowery dresses were leaning over the railing and giggling. It hasnt been for months. Mahmoud bishara lives in Aleppo, Syria in the year 2015. Men with gunshot wounds. He pulled the family with him into the stacks of crates, and Josef tried to keep up with him as he darted from place to place, dodging imaginary enemies. He says the family has stayed for too long and it is time to escape to Germany. (including. Aaron Landau, one of the Brownshirts said to Josefs father, you have continued to practice law despite the fact that Jews are forbidden to do so under the Civil Service Restoration Act of 1933. Mahmoud grabbed the railing to steady himself and waited a long, breathless moment to see if the stairs were going to collapse. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. All the cows and pigs and sheep had been slaughtered and eaten. Each one came up to Isabels chest. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner! the adults answered back, as though theyd heard that one many times before too. I want you to go to college first, his mother told him. of the Havana baseball team the Industriales. Also, it is asked, How does Mahmoud travel to Germany? Along with Isabel and Mahmoud, he is one of the books three protagonists. Theres no service again. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. On top of this, he deals with coping, loss, and hardship. . Chabela, come on! Mami was already in the boat, and Papi was helping Ivn in. Lito! Her grandfathers name was Mariano, but Isabel called him Lito, short for AbuelitoGrandpa. And work. The captains in a tight spot, he is. Across the room, Waleed sat like a zombie in front of the television, watching a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cartoon dubbed into Syrian Arabic. Everywhere around them, people fled into the streets, covered in gray dust and blood. From that day forward, Mahmoud and Khalid were marked. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Teachers and parents! Sweat ran down his back. Instant PDF downloads. Another shadow picked up Ruth by the hair and slapped her. He nods, but says that Frau Rosenburg can make one for, and Rachel died so that she could live. Refine any search. They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do, Mahmoud realized., I see rocks! someone at the front of the dinghy yelled, and there was a loud POOM! But when the Soviet Union went away, so did all their support. Josef didnt want to leave. No. When Youssef and, Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 17 days from home, The soldier calls for help from the other guards, wondering what to do, but, Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days from home. They get to Cuba first and unload their passengers, and who knows? Josef and his family hoped to one day make it to America, but you couldnt just sail into New York Harbor. Mahmoud then makes a quick decision, asking them to take, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (2), Fatima continues to sob at having given away, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3), and Waleed. This isnt funny. She and Ivn held the middle of the boat on either side, while Ivns parents and Isabels father and grandfather carried the front and back. His brother. The differences between Sunnis and Shiites was an excuse. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Josef couldnt think of any Jewish people he knew who did look like those pictures. Can you tell us what made you decide to leave? Quickly! Seor Castillo called from the other side of the boat. Where would they go? A hat to shield his face from the sun. How are Josef Isabel and Mahmoud similar? Couples kissed under palm trees. Im hot, Ruthie said, pulling at her coat. I saw on the TV theyre accepting refugees. They pluck Mahmoud and, Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece 2015, 12 days from home (3). Chi-CHAK! He didnt even leave to go to the bathroom. And back again. Isabels heart soared, and she hopped up and down. Everyone was afraid of what he would do if the Arab Spring swept through Syria. The lights of Havana had faded to a speck on the horizon behind them, and they had left all the other boats behind. All Mahmoud wanted to do was curl up into a ball and disappear. Getting noticed by the Syrian army or the rebels fighting them, he knows, is "just inviting trouble." When the bell rings in school, Mahmoud finds his 10-year-old brother Waleed to walk him home. Until we can come back home. Its cold in Germany, Mahmoud said. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Years. There was a shattering sound in the next roomcrisssh! And the worst part was, Klaus had joined them. Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. The first time, he and three other men had built a raft and tried to paddle their way to Florida, but a tropical storm turned them back. But if we stay in Aleppo a day longer, we may not even have that. Mahmouds father looked from his wife to Hana to Mahmoud to Waleed. The rebels? Newspapers Review: Dailies highlight PM's meeting with Israelis, Abbas speech. Josef tried to relax. Why does the author is italics for the words "their" them" and they". Evelyne and Renata were the genuine names of two sisters who came on the St. Louis, and they were the only ones permitted to disembark in Cuba since their father already resided there and had significant relations to the local authorities. Please, Isabel said. The policemans eyes flashed from anger to surprise, and then back to anger. She could almost hear it almost And then the motor spluttered and died, and the music stopped. The MS St. Louis had left all that behind. And why not? An irregular rhythm that lay over the top of the regular beat, like a heartbeat beneath the skin. Ill be a man in six months and eleven days. The Nazis laughed again. Trauma and growing up: The novel highlights the cruelty of having to become an adult. Mahmoud looked out the dusty car window as a jet fighter streaked by high above them, headed for Aleppo. What do you think el norte will be like, Papi? Isabel asked. Their mother would pray by herself in her bedroom. When Syria rioted, their leader Bashar al-Assad turned against his own people and has warred against them ever since. No station agents stopped to ask if they needed help finding their train. To no longer be a child. They were men, mostly, many of them shirtless in the hundred-degree August heat, their white and brown and black backs glistening in the sun. Get personalized recommendations. Each time they stop, Mahmouds mother searches frantically among the other refugees, looking for baby Hana. The motor coughed to life, and the boat lurched into a wave, spraying Isabel with seawater. Struggling with distance learning? Refugee weaves together the stories of three families as they seek sanctuary in other countries. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. His shoulder ached and his chest still seared with every hard, desperate breath, but the only thing that mattered now was getting to his mother. No, Papi and Lito said at the same time.
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