Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. A two-year suspended sentence in line with that requested by prosecutors was handed down by the Itzehoe state court in northern Germany. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. The next three trials took place at the same court in October 831, 1947, November 510, and in November 1929 of that year. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. It was liberated by the British army on April 15th, 1945. Wow, Geocities links. Camp doctors also killed sick or injured prisoners in the infirmary with lethal injections. Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. In July, Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at Stutthof was convicted of aiding in the murder of 5,230 people, most of them Jews. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. Washington, DC 20024-2126 At Auschwitz she would pick kids as pets, with one survivor recalling how she dressed one in fine clothing, parading it around like a puppet - only to send the child to the gas chamber when she got bored. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. Read about our approach to external linking. Hitler shot his brains out in despair. Tragiczny los ydowskich winiarek z Baukomando Weichsel, "Ermittlungen gegen frheren KZ-Wachmann aus Wuppertal", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "German court suspends trial of ex-SS death camp guard", "Prozess gegen frheren SS-Wachmann steht vor dem Aus", "Holocaust trial: Former Stutthof guard on trial in Germany", "Former Concentration Camp Guard Convicted in Germany", "Nazi Stutthof camp secretary flees as German trial starts", "Former Nazi camp secretary goes on trial over murders of 11,000 people", "Itzehoe: Ehemalige KZ-Sekretrin vor Prozessbeginn geflohen", "Imrgard Furchner: Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,505 murders", "97-year-old former Nazi secretary sentenced for involvement in more than 10,000 murders", Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_trials&oldid=1135657965, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 01:03. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. Cut off by advancing Soviet forces the Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. Bruno Dey, a teenager at the time in question, was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder. Why Did Ancient Egyptian Men Wear Makeup? As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. How does climate change affect El Nino and La Nina cycles? The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. Nicknamed 'Beautiful Spectre', she was infamous for her brutal treatment of the prisoners. In total, 23,566 Jews (including 21,817 women) were transferred to Stutthof from Auschwitz, and 25,053 (including 16,123 women) from camps in the Baltic states. As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. 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During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. $156.33. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. One camp which was established in Poland was Stutthof Concentration Camp, and throughout its time in operation around 65,000 people died at the camp. Bus Tours. Prisoners sent straight to gas chambers didn't receive anything. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. She called. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. "Our group was marched out of Stutthof on 26 April. The former librarian, from Dresden, was a keen horsewoman who used stolen cash from prisoners to build an indoor riding arena at the Buchenwald camp, which housed 20,000 slave labourers. 2023.02.28. If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34km (21mi) east of the city of Danzig (Gdask) in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig. At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. [7][8] Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. Dave, Babysitter 'with black heart' filmed herself sexually abusing toddler before sending video to her paedophile lover, Piers Morgan slams 'disgusting' 500 parking charges for NHS staff as Grant Shapps admits 'something's gone wrong'. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. . Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. To support our channel, please make sure to subscribe. Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. I PROMISE. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. A 99-year-old who was being investigated on suspicion of complicity in murder as a former Nazi camp guard has died, ending the case against him, German prosecutors said Tuesday. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. [citation needed], The camp staff consisted of German SS guards and, after 1943, the Ukrainian auxiliaries brought in by SS-Gruppenfhrer Fritz Katzmann, the Higher SS and Police Leader of the area. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. Key and copyright. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. Not to be confused with, Location of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland, The execution of the SS overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp: Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff, and Pauls on 4 July 1946, with priest, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, M. Tomkiewicz, P. Semkw: Profesor Rudolf Maria Spanner naukowiec czy eksperymentator? 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. Twenty-seven ex-officials and guards were arraigned and judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. The first trial of Stutthof criminals took place in 1946 in Gdansk, with Barkmann standing trial alongside 13 other defendants: During the trial, Barkmann flirted with guards, obsessed over her hair, and inappropriately giggled at times. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. She kicked me so hard that I fell. [1] 4,000 prisoners, including Jewish women and children, were killed in a gas chamber before the evacuation of the camp. A former SS guard wept in the dock on the first day of his trial for complicity in mass murder at a Nazi concentration camp during the second world war . There were 3,000 guards at Stutthof concentration camp alone, and only 50 were convicted. Luxury Car Tours. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. In total, as many as 110,000 people were deported to the camp in the course of its existence. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. The major subcamps were Thorn and Elbing. 1939). The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. It was not produced on an industrial scale, but still for utilitarian purpose, Soap made from human corpses Danzig Anatomical Institute, debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Female guards in Nazi concentration camps, "History of the concentration camp in Stuttfof", "Stutthof, the first Nazi concentration camp outside Germany", "Mennonites and the Holocaust: From Collaboration to Perpetuation", Datos de 295 Mujeres Pertenecientes a la SS: Christel Bankewitz, Stutthof, "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire", "PHASE II: THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 19411944", "Klooga Concentration Camp and Holocauts Memorial. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. That same summer, Irmgard Furchner had begun working in the camp commander's headquarters as a shorthand typist. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. [17][3] Prisoners were also drowned in mud or clubbed to death. [33] Being tried at the age of 94, court proceedings were limited to no more than two hours per day and two non-consecutive days per week. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. As the war ended, Jenny Barkmann attempted to evade the Red Army under a false name in the besieged city of Gdansk. Stutthof concentration camps women forced labor death marches. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. [2] The accused were arraigned before the court and all found guilty. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. She committed suicide in 1967. [35][36], Another Nazi camp guard, Bruno Dey, from Hamburg was charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. per group (up to 3) Private Shore Excursion: Tour of Gdansk and visit Stutthof Concentration Camp. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. Standing at 6ft 3in, Hertha Botte was an imposing figure, who also stood out from other SS guards because she wore civilian clothing instead of the hated uniform. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. The selection process for these guards was lax. This blog has been around for a while. He added that his "work" had involved cleaning the crematorium, which meant loading bones and other burnt remains onto a cart to be thrown into a trench. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. The second commandant SS-Sturmbannfhrer Paul-Werner Hoppe (August 1942 - January 1945) was apprehended in 1953 in West Germany and later sentenced to nine years imprisonment. 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. Among 110,000 prisoners were Jews from all of Europe, members of the Polish underground, Polish civilians deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising, Lithuanian and Latvian intelligentsia, Latvian resistance fighters, psychiatric patients, Soviet prisoners of war,[3] and communists (as an example of communist deportations to Stutthof, see the Danish Horserd camp). Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. [40] On 20 December 2022 Furchner, then 97, was convicted of being an accessory to murder of more than 10,000 people at Stutthof concentration camp during World War II. View the list of all donors. Getting to Stutthof. [17] Many died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944; those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers.
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