The Romanian translation is obviously courageous in the choice of words, modem in the choice of vocabulary and linguistic register. There are many thorns that can mortify us during the translation process, whatever the nature of the text we face, and translators should be aware of them. In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? Hyperbole is a device which is sharpens the readers ability to make a logical assessment of the utterance. J. D. Salinger used a lot of epithets in his work The Cather in the Ray in order to present a good characteristic of the characters which are in the work and of the objects that he used in his work the epithets were used for pointing out to the reader some of the properties or features of the characters and of the objects with the aim of giving an individual perception and evaluation of these features or properties. He is best known for his book, Catcher in the Rye, a book about a seventeen-year-old teenager, struggling through his teenager years, falling into a depression and trying to understand the real world. He alludes to his behavior almost in passing, saying that he slept in the garage on the night of Allies death and broke all the windows with his bare hands, just for the hell of it. He tried to break the car windows as well, but could not because his hand was already fractured from smashing the garage windows. And it is quite natural that this matter covers a wide range of examples. Slang should be distinguished from jargon, which is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession. He is a nonconformist. The Catcher in the Rye and My Name is Asher Lev voice how society is a song, each member having his own verse. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. By continuing well assume youre on board with our However, Holden Caulfield and Asher. Holden believes that every adult is phony and his goal to keep everyone from growing up and becoming phony. .of becoming dangerously convoluted and static, Lodge implicitly challenges critics to revisit and reassess Salingers body of work. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. He uses letters and phone calls and he connect different ideas, like innocence and adolescence with the Hollywoods corruption. J. D. Salinger used a lot of stylistic device which made the content of the novel more exiting. The conversation succinctly illuminates key aspects of Holden's character. Its possible that Salinger has a very negative view of the world; the author thinks that the research of happiness is based on 3 important elements: religion, loneliness and symbolism. Essay. Instead of paying attention to the game, he would write poetry on his glove while playing the outfield. Rev. When studying the reality of some object can be identify that its name reveals its functions which finds the reflection in the semantics of the word. The consequent need for a unifying function brought about a growth in the political importance of culture. .(J. D. Salinger: p. 18) with the translation into Romanian like Ackley, pu?iule? He wrote this terrific book of short stories, []. Contextual meaning of a word is always effective semantically and stylistically owing to its unexpectedness as well. Allie is a special person to Holden because of his intelligence and kindness, When Holden accepted the favor of writing Stradlater's composition, Holden has also accepted an obstacle in his time during his stay in Pencey Prep. But if you get on the other side, where there aren't any hot-shots, then what's a game about it? One of those little English jobs that can do around two hundred miles an hour. Raised in Manhattan, New York, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. Latest answer posted March 19, 2020 at 11:46:52 PM. It is probably significant that Holden sells his typewriter to Frederick Woodruff before leaving Pencey. Salinger'sThe Catcher in the Ryehas served as a firestorm for controversy and debate. It is therefore unrealistic to expect to find equivalent idioms and expressions in the target language as a matter of course.[17:p45]. His brother Allie's (died from leukemia) baseball glove which had poems written all over it in green ink to read while out in the field. Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. There is another problem while translating the English text into Romanian. Like hell it is. I took it off and looked at it. Peculiar use of set expressions (clichs, proverbs. It is suggested to be drastic with text omissions, but it was found as an important feature to point out to the students all the positive aspects of meaning of her/his translation. The stylistic device that was used by the author in the work is the following hyperbole Hes going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. Want 100 or more? There are three types of stylistic devices which were used by the author in The catcher in the Ray: Dictionary and contextual (Metaphors, metonymy, irony etc. Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties inThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D.Salinger. is a thesis that was chosen in order to identify these important features. In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? Use of contractions: youll, dont, theyre, thats, isnt, hes. Explore how the human body functions as one unit in I need at least one quote for support. In any language there exists generally accepted tradition of word combinations, which do not coincide with the corresponding tradition of word combinations in the other languages. Holden breaks down in tears, and his sister tries to console him. This is what Newmark calls "service translation.". Throughout the novel, it becomes increasingly clear that Allies death was one of the most traumatic experiences of Holdens life and may play a major role in his current psychological breakdown. Along with traditional combinations in languages unexpected combinations are also possible, but they are quite clear, for they follow generally accepted semantic models of word combinability. Their mysterious perseverance in the face of an inhospitable environment resonates with Holden's understanding of his own situation. While it is appropriate to discuss the novel in such terms, Holden Caulfield is an unusual protagonist for a bildungsroman because his central goal is to resist the process of maturity itself. This quote shows that Holden wants to protect kids. Subscribe now. Order custom essay The Importance of Stradlaters Composition in the Catcher in the Rye You Have to Read in the course of. The hat represents distance from society and insecurity. The fact that he is having this conversation with Phoebe, a child who is anything but simple and innocent, reveals the oversimplification of his worldview. He is mad that he is not able to stop the kids from getting their innocence taken away. He uses the pronoun you all the time, but as we know this could be translated as tu, c-ati, va. The Catcher In the Rye are both among the most important novels of the twentieth century. Modernism was distinguished by an emancipator met narrative. The conclusion is that the Romanian translation played an innovatory role and an influential one in the literary system of the native country by breaking the norms of the TL, in order to render the stylistic qualities of the ST, and by introducing the use of slang language into Romanian, as a new and alternative means of expression. Others, however, nominated Salinger himself as the top-flight "catcher in the rye" for that period in American history. What is Holdens relationship with Phoebe like? A text has some features which make the texture of a text. Why? Allie died of leukemia in 1946 when the family was in Maine.". If you had a million years to do it in, you couldnt rub out even half the Fuck you signs in the world. Holden finally gets him to leave by beginning to work on the English assignment for Stradlater. Separation of meanings and senses from the context, Despairing individual behaviors in the face of an unmanageable future, Objection of the traditional thoughts and the traditional moralities. If we talk about the language at Catcher in the Rye, we can say that the author uses a simple writing, with several interjections and qualifier adjectives; the tone of this novel is colloquial and full of teenagers expressions (it is written in a monologue and in lively slang; its also important the chronolect). In the book, Holden explains the symbol meaning of the museums displays. The wider is the semantic volume of a word, the wider is its combinability, thus due to this feature it can interact with various word forms and word combinations. - Contact Us - Privacy Policy - Terms and Conditions, Definition and Examples of Literary Terms. Another important writer of this period is William Faulkner with his works The Sound and the Furry, Light in August and The Hamlet. In the case of the "hammer and anvil" idiom, a lexical rendering could be "to be in an uneasy, stressing situation". In the same way that the surgeon, operating on the heart, cannot neglect the body that surrounds it, so the translator treats the text in isolation from the culture at his peril. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. equivalence of form and shape. Describe Holden's relationship with Jane Gallagher in The Catcher in the Rye. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. In the theory of translation, this type of code switching is called atransformation. Finding a good equivalence is an important job which the translator should care about it. Holden is dealing with the loss of his brother, the fact that he his still a child on his way to adulthood and some serious emotions. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. I have also tried to briefly present the reception of the novel, the translations and solutions offered to the problems raised by Salingers use of colloquial language in other countries. To respect, whenever possible, all the syntax and lexical repetitions, shoot the bull = telling lies, small talk. These two criterias identify the needs for a good knowledges in English in some of its branches of science. Modernist writers were more acutely conscious of the objectivity of their surroundings. It is obvious from the start that Holden uses the hat as a mark of individuality and independence. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. The interjection that was used by the author is Ohwell (J. D. Salinger:7)The interjection used by the author Oh it is possible to express various feelings such as regret, despair, disappointment sorrow, surprise and many others but especially this the author point out to the reader Old Spenser hesitation for giving a clear and interesting answer to Holdens question. False friends (or faux amis) are pairs of words in two languages or dialects (or letters in two alphabets) that look or sound similar, but differ in meaning. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules., [Ackley] took another look at my hat . How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? What does Stradlater ask Holden to write for him? The general conclusion that can be drawn is that there cannot be a perfect translation, but there can be made efforts to try to find the best version of rendering a text from the SL into the TL. . Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. This straightforward, simple read is nonetheless used in many schools today for its rich content of symbols and truthfulness. As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. The last type of characters speech is represented speech which also could be called inner speech and that was used in order to described Holdens thoughts and the way in which he thought also this type was used by the author in order to convey to the reader Holdens feelings. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. Theyre nice and all Im not saying that but. He wants everything to be easily understandable and eternally fixed, like the statues of Eskimos and Indians in the museum. One of the main problem or difficulty in translation- is the use of bilingual dictionaries. Once the translator has coped with this obstacle, the most frequent translation difficulties are of a semantic and cultural nature: "Linguistic untranslatability" (cognates, i.e. Though he continues to complain about Ackley, the sympathy he feels for his next-door neighbor is evident when he convinces Mal Brossard to let Ackley join them at the movies. Very often these grammatical changes are mixed so that they have lexical-grammatical character. There are different types of lexical difficulties in translation and the main of them are: A polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings. cite it. Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language the source- and in the other language-the target. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. Its a fine book, with interesting racial perspectives and the conflict is about cultural differences. It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. Such style elements also gave him the illusion of having, as it were, delivered his characters' destinies into their own keeping." In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. In this case, the provided solutions are not the explanation of the sense of phraseologisms that, in the compilers intentions, should serve to translate them into the other language. Salinger is now a recluse. Nobodys move. Holden decides to write about his dead brother's baseball glove because he is deeply depressed about his death and has not come to terms with his grief over the loss of his brother. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text's major themes. The same types of words and phrases are used in presenting explanations and arguments. The writer also used this stylistic devise like comparison in order to give a clear description of Ackley through the next comparison dirty as hell( J.D.Salinger:19)and the author pointed out that there are people that dont look very good as using the rules that are taken in society for a good looking. They played checkers and became good friends. For intricate and unspoken reasons, seemingly stemming from Allie's death, Holden has trouble dealing with this kind of complexity. But lying to others is also a kind of phoniness, a type of deception that indicates insensitivity, callousness, or even cruelty. American Literature books summary. The stylistic changes are as necessary as grammatical or lexical ones. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. The Modernist period is a time of the late XIXth and XXth centuries that was marked by the work of the great writer that activated during this period. And sometimes some mistakes (losses), as well as some gains, are more visible by comparing two or more translations of the same ST. Ionescus translation may have been considered too far-fetched and direct, but this can be explained as the translators desire to make the main character more authentic and closer to the typical Romanian teenager. After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. Rev. In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. Also he tells the reader he's not excited to find out abut this favor and that guys like Stradlater always think people want to do things for them. This difference of word combinability in various languages is very important; therefore some types of combinability are easily accepted in one of language and are completely unacceptable in other languages. Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work .Salinger identified closely with his characters, and used techniques such as interior monologue, letters, and extended telephone calls to display his gift for dialogue. What does this reveal about Holden? [5:p.66-67]. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Why does Ackley annoy Holden? He fought in war. In New Zealand there was a book called Pounamu Pounamu by Witi Ihimaera. Holden can think about and judge the Eskimo in the display case, but the Eskimo will never judge him back. Modernists shared a common purpose. Ultimately Carl learns independence, to do with himself and the people around him. Caulfield's self-destruction over a period of days forces one to contemplate society's attitude toward the human condition. 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg. The tension between the two increases when Holden asks Stradlater about his date with Jane. The second chapter contains practical information from the book written by the writer that represent this period J. D. Salinger with his best-known novel The Catcher in the Rye. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Once the idiom has been recognized and understood, the task is not yet finished: in the contrary, one could say that has just begun. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. I live in New York, and I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. First and foremost, Stradlater strikes Holden as a "hotshot," which in his lexicon is another word for "phony.". (young-adult literature)", 2007; http://www.ttt.org/theory/difficulties.htlm; Cay Dollerup, Basics of Translation Studies, Institutul Europa; New Dictionary of American Slang, Harper & Row, Publishers 1986, Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers. Discount, Discount Code Here will be discussed the impact Salinger had, and still has, on writers worldwide. The first chapter of this study shall define the notion of Translation difficulties and present the representatives of the Modern period and some critics about one of the representative of this period which is J. Salinger has the power to disconnect between his adorated teenagers and phony adults: he magnifies childrens intelligence; so we can say that the kind of language used in this novel is not monotonous. Then if he does it, he does it his way. The red hunting hat is one of the most recognizable symbols from twentieth-century American literature. People often are not themselves clear on whether they are arguing for or explaining something. The most important patterns, themes and motifs in Salingers fiction were the centre of this chapter, but before embarking upon discussing Salingers literary trademarks, it has to be approached the issue concerning the controversy around Salinger and his ability to maintain his reputation in the context of his self-imposed reclusive lifestyle. But the impossibility of such a fantasy is the tragedy of Holden's situation: rather than face the challenges around him, he retreats to a fantasy world of his own making. Practically, even identical words in different languages are not always equal in their meaning, they never correspond completely. This shift is central to Modernism. Much of Salinger's reputation, which he acquired after publication of The Catcher in the Rye, is derived from thoughtful and sympathetic insights into both adolescence and adulthood, his use of symbolism, and his idiomatic style, which helped to re-introduce the common idiom to American literature. In this case the translator will face many difficulties. Since there is never a good coincidence of meaning between phraseologisms, there is a very high risk of finding others that have different metaphors, a different meaning, and are not at all fit for specific cases. Justification is the reason why someone properly holds abelief, the explanation as to why the belief is a true one, or an account of how one knows what one knows. This has been mainly achieved by the careful and analytical comparison of some identical passages from the ST with its translations. What is their relationship? This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation. In this Research Paper we have investigated various translation difficulties of from English into Russian. Holden's brash decision to attack Stradlater is a result of his pent-up anxiety and anger. However, the story had reached a turning point and Holden was at the height of his preoccupation, therefore, he could not think on the directions, so he decided to write about a baseball glove. The Catcher in the Rye is a work written by J. D. Salinger that from different points of view combine some types of translation difficulties. I didnt mind the idea so much, but I didnt feel like being lectured (J.D.Salinger:14)through this stylistic device the author wanted to point out to the reader that Holden wasnt a boy who like to read a lot of and showed the he didnt like to study. Holden has isolated himself in an attempt to be his own savior, but Mr. Antolini's image of falling presents a more accurate image of what awaits Holden on the other side of the cliff. It thus reveals the weaknesses of Holden's romantic outlook. The only thing that would be different would be you. " Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead. In conclusion, Salingers characters feel that society is hard and they have to go away. The Catcher in the Rye. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. Salinger uses symbolism in his works also to foreshadow a better life. [18]. They sought to capture the essence of modern life in the form and content of their work. Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. Intralinguistic transfer can also be illustrated by stylistic differentiation. "What did Holden decide to write about in Stradlater's composition in The Catcher in the Rye?" This is not always so obvious. I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. 2009, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/when-holden-writes-composition-for-stradlater-in-73535. We can see that it were negative comments, hard criticsMany critics told that there wasnt any novel that went into the adolescence as this Salingers work. Holden says he fought on D Day. Salingers works were generally written during two time periods. He stands up for Harley and Maddi and against protagonists like Nathan throughout the novel. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. First of all we should account for the techniques or the main pont of an analyse such as translation dificulties and lexical peculiarities that are used during the Modern Age for pointing out the most esential meaning of the writings that were written during the period. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. It is an implicit comparison of two unlike objects. For this reason, the translator plays an important role as a bilingual or multi-lingual cross-cultural transmitter of culture and truths by attempting to interpret concepts and speech in a variety of texts as faithfully and accurately as possible. The semantics of a word includes word perception characteristic to the studied language, being more precise to the bearers of the studied language. He feels like he has a duty to save other people from growing up and maturing. And hes also an important influence for writers as Harold Brodkey or the two Pulitzer Prize- winners John Updike and Philip Roth. . In the case of non phraseological rendering, there are two possibilities: one can opt for a lexical translation or for calques. Selma is the Headmaster's daughter. ; Young goats, their meat, or leather made from their hides. At this work, Salinger uses the technique of the interior monologue; this procedure reinforces the little stream of consciousness of Holden (we can appreciate his way of thinking). It is often subsumed under the general umbrella of 'relying on the context to disambiguate meanings', which, among other things, means using our knowledge of collocational patterns to decode the meaning of a word or a stretch of language. He rebels against such society and system because he is unfit for it and he is unable to achieve things from this type of social system. These elements, in English are: personals, demonstratives, and comparatives. As mentioned above, the language in The Catcher in the Rye contains many American slang expressions. Allie's glove, with the green writing on it, is symbolic of isolation. Summary: Chapter 6. This is a shift from an epistemological aesthetic to an ontological aesthetic or, in simpler terms, a shift from a knowledge-based aesthetic to a being-based aesthetic. Lodge suggests that Salingerunbeknownst to his critics - was playing a kind of Shandean game. Offering a bold alternative to the famously critical 1961 review of Franny and Zooey in which John Updike concedes that Salingers fiction matches the tint and shape of present American life, but insists that it pays the price. In translation from English to other languages it is faced the conflict of two completely different cultures, levels of development, customs and traditions. It is clear in the early chapters,. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract and concrete. Holden pictured an idyllic world of childhood innocence from which children would fall into a dangerous world; Mr. Antolini describes Holden in an apathetic free fallgiving up, disengaging him from the world, falling in a void removed from life around him.
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